Grouping occurs both before and after constancy

Before After Before After

Grasping lacks depth constancy in both virtual and real environments.

The use of virtual reality setups allows sophisticated manipulations of visual and haptic feedback important for the study of grasping movements. On this respect, the absence of feedback is shown to induce different systematic biases in visuomotor tasks, such as underestimation of the target distance and, above all, lack of the target depth constancy. The latter is revealed by a decrease in gri...

Phenotypic CD8+ T cell diversification occurs before, during, and after the first T cell division.

Effector T cell responses rely on a phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous population of cells. Whether this diversity is programmed before clonal expansion or in later phases as a result of stochastic events or asymmetric cell division is not fully understood. In this study, we first took advantage of a sensitive in vitro assay to analyze the composition of single CD8(+) T cell progenie...

Visual Constancy during Movement. 2. Size Constancy Using One or Both Eyes or Proprioceptive Information.

A method for estimating constancy during motion, described in a previous paper, is used to find the effect of proprioceptive information of O's movement on visual size constancy. Os were carried in darkness backward and forward on a swing, while their constancy was estimated. It was found that constancy was improved when Os received proprioceptive information of their movement. Constancy was gr...

Comparing Quality of Life Before and After Surgery in Patients with Cushing Disease: A Before-After Study